This is one of the maps that depicts where Cumberland's Army and the Jacobites stood.
. . . As was recently indicated by Historic Environment Scotland. . . "The area of land around Viewhill Farm forms part of the wider area and is included within the boundary because it lies within the approximate route of the Jacobites’ abortive night march before the battle. This manoeuvre is illustrated by the blue arrow on the indicative deployments map. This route is indicated on contemporary battle maps such as the Finlayson map, believed to be dated to 1746.
For anyone wishing to read a full account of the Battle and the historical outcome should download the Historic Environment Scotland Publication, BTL6
. . . As was recently indicated by Historic Environment Scotland. . . "The area of land around Viewhill Farm forms part of the wider area and is included within the boundary because it lies within the approximate route of the Jacobites’ abortive night march before the battle. This manoeuvre is illustrated by the blue arrow on the indicative deployments map. This route is indicated on contemporary battle maps such as the Finlayson map, believed to be dated to 1746.
For anyone wishing to read a full account of the Battle and the historical outcome should download the Historic Environment Scotland Publication, BTL6
Watch the new 30 minute film produced by the Historian's Council on Culloden and Deborah Dennison, which takes you through the facts of the battle and the struggle to stop development activities on the battlefield in recent years.
Read the Report from the Historians Council on Culloden
The Scotsman: Culloden Moor, April 16 1746: “The worst place on earth”
A corner of Culloden Moor, perhaps 30 metres square, was the scene of “vicious” hand-to-hand fighting between the prized right flank of the Jacobite troops and the left column of the British Army. Musket balls rained down and explosive mortar shells were fired from close range as the Jacobites, many armed with pistols, fought in close contact. “It was incredibly vicious and very visceral,” said Professor Tony Pollard, battlefield archaeologist and expert in conflict history at Glasgow University.
At this spot, to the south of Culloden Moor, close to where the clan cemetery now sits, evidence was left which suggests that the battle was closer fought than had earlier been believed. The discovery of mortar shells suggests the British Army was reverting to heavy weaponry as the Jacobites held firm.
Video: The Highland Clearances Scattered Scots Around the World
The Highland Clearances and the Act of Proscription that followed the Battle of Culloden were a direct attack on the Highland way of life. The infamous Highland Clearances is a dark chapter in Scotland’s history that Two centuries haven’t assuaged the bitterness Scots harbour over the Highland Clearances.
A powerful video with drone footage of north-east views of the Battlefield...the forest area and just beyond is where "Cairnfields" is proposed to be built. Filmed by Debbie May.
What Happened after the Battle...and Why is it Important?
"Their culture was demolished, their native language - Gaelic - was banned and marked as a hanging offence if spoken, the wearing of tartan was also made a hanging offence and even the Bible was not allowed to be learnt in their own language, never mind written.
This was the final nail in the coffin of the clan system and way of life. This approach, coupled with the broken spirit of the people, was so successful in Scotland that by the end of the 18th century three-fifths of Hebridean landlords were already absentees, preferring the soft life in London society to looking after their own people in the wild and barren Highland glens and rain swept islands."
Herald Scotland: Historian Sir Tom Devine on what really happened during the clearances
The visual scars of the Highland clearances he saw half a century ago, the ruins and abandoned townships, had a profound impact on Sir Tom personally and professionally, inspiring much of the work he has undertaken since. And the fruits of this labour have been brought together in a ground-breaking new book that not only adds to our knowledge and understanding of the clearances north of the Highland Line, but also sheds new light on how dispossession impacted on the rest of Scotland.
Sunday Express . . . April 14, 2018
Secret Jacobite society discover a mass grave- 272 years after the Battle of Culloden
History says 16 of Bonnie Prince Charlie’s officers, found hiding in the dungeon at Culloden House, where the prince stayed the night before the battle, were shot by Redcoats and buried by the “Bargas Tree” in the grounds. The tree – an English Elm, complete with leg and neck irons – is long gone, as is a commemorative 5ft stone with the inscription “Here lie soldiers killed by the English after the Battle of Culloden”.
Only a small grassy knoll remains where the tree once stood.But now a geophysical survey has shown three pits under the mound. Robert Cairns, chairman of the Lochaber Archaeological Society, which commissioned the research, said: “We are very excited about the results.
‘Secret’ discovery found on Culloden amid housing development plans
FRESH hope for the objectors to a housing development at Culloden battlefield has come in the form of a ‘secret’ discovery made on the site shortly before the 272nd anniversary of the battle later this month.
Cuil Lodair...Culloden
Culloden was the last hand-to-hand battle fought on British soil. Part of a wider European religious and political conflict, the short but bloody fight changed the course of history. Today the causes and consequences of the Forty-Five are still hotly debated.
Since the mid-nineteenth century the battlefield has been a place of pilgrimage for people from Scotland and throughout the world. Some visitors are descendants of those who fought. Others are gripped by the extraordinary story. With ongoing archaeological research and fresh historical interpretations, the story of Culloden is far from over.
Long before Culloden, Scottish Gaels were living through major social and economic changes. But this process was speeded up by traumatic defeat, repression and the legal and political measures which followed the battle. The Rising focused government attention on the region and its people. The Highlanders were to be controlled and integrated with the rest of the kingdom.
The Incredible Rout of Moy . . .
In the early months of 1746 Prince Charles Edward Stuart was making his way north on his long retreat from Derby. The Jacobite army had split into two parties who were to regroup in the neighbourhood of Inverness. Lord George Murray led one faction along the coast road whilst Prince Charles heading straight through the mountains up the centre of the country.
A Day at Culloden . . . An American discovers his Scottish heritage and shares his feelings and insights on walking Culloden Battlefield and its environs. He writes..."Over the decades the battlefield has evolved from what it was at the time of the battle. Heather and scrub brush has overtaken some of the native moor once used as a common grazing land for tenants of the Culloden estate. Trees have been felled revealing even more of the battleground. Archaeologic discoveries have redefined the conservation zone boundaries too.
Today battle lines are again being drawn at Culloden, not between Jacobites and Hanoverians, but between developers and historical conservationists. Developer Kirkwood Homes has plans to build 16 luxury homes on farmland where detractors say fallen Jacobite remains may still be buried and in such proximity that the visitor's visual experience would be negatively impacted. The issue first arose in 2014 and is now believed to be in the amended planning stage."
Two Men in a Trench...
Excellent BBC Archaeology History Documentary- Armed with a trowel a flask of tea and their razor sharp powers of deduction The A {Archaeology}Team Neil Oliver and Dr. Tony Pollard assisted by the ever present G.U.A.R.D team tune their talents to unravel the lost fragments of the Battle of Culloden 1746 the final confrontation of the 1745 Jacobite Rising.
The National Archives...New Jacobite education collections online
The National Archives have produced two new online themed collections on the Jacobite Rebellion of 1715 and the Jacobite Rising of 1745. For the first time, teachers and students will have easy access to original documents of the period which have emerged due to an on-going cataloguing project of the State Papers of George I and George II.
Crann Tara on the Jacobite Cause
One of the best contemporary records of the Jacobite rising of 1745-46, this collection was compiled between 1746 and 1775 by Robert Forbes (1708-1775), episcopal Bishop of Ross and Caithness from 1762 and a strong Jacobite. His manuscript collection is now housed in the National Library of Scotland (shelfmark Adv.MS.32.6.16-25), and a page of it can be seen on our Scotland's Pages website. The digitised version here is of a printed edition compiled in three volumes for the Scottish History Society in 1895-96 by Henry Paton.
Also in this collection are the "Itinerary of Prince Charles Edward Stuart from 1745 to 1746".
Read the Report from the Historians Council on Culloden
The Scotsman: Culloden Moor, April 16 1746: “The worst place on earth”
A corner of Culloden Moor, perhaps 30 metres square, was the scene of “vicious” hand-to-hand fighting between the prized right flank of the Jacobite troops and the left column of the British Army. Musket balls rained down and explosive mortar shells were fired from close range as the Jacobites, many armed with pistols, fought in close contact. “It was incredibly vicious and very visceral,” said Professor Tony Pollard, battlefield archaeologist and expert in conflict history at Glasgow University.
At this spot, to the south of Culloden Moor, close to where the clan cemetery now sits, evidence was left which suggests that the battle was closer fought than had earlier been believed. The discovery of mortar shells suggests the British Army was reverting to heavy weaponry as the Jacobites held firm.
Video: The Highland Clearances Scattered Scots Around the World
The Highland Clearances and the Act of Proscription that followed the Battle of Culloden were a direct attack on the Highland way of life. The infamous Highland Clearances is a dark chapter in Scotland’s history that Two centuries haven’t assuaged the bitterness Scots harbour over the Highland Clearances.
A powerful video with drone footage of north-east views of the Battlefield...the forest area and just beyond is where "Cairnfields" is proposed to be built. Filmed by Debbie May.
What Happened after the Battle...and Why is it Important?
"Their culture was demolished, their native language - Gaelic - was banned and marked as a hanging offence if spoken, the wearing of tartan was also made a hanging offence and even the Bible was not allowed to be learnt in their own language, never mind written.
This was the final nail in the coffin of the clan system and way of life. This approach, coupled with the broken spirit of the people, was so successful in Scotland that by the end of the 18th century three-fifths of Hebridean landlords were already absentees, preferring the soft life in London society to looking after their own people in the wild and barren Highland glens and rain swept islands."
Herald Scotland: Historian Sir Tom Devine on what really happened during the clearances
The visual scars of the Highland clearances he saw half a century ago, the ruins and abandoned townships, had a profound impact on Sir Tom personally and professionally, inspiring much of the work he has undertaken since. And the fruits of this labour have been brought together in a ground-breaking new book that not only adds to our knowledge and understanding of the clearances north of the Highland Line, but also sheds new light on how dispossession impacted on the rest of Scotland.
Sunday Express . . . April 14, 2018
Secret Jacobite society discover a mass grave- 272 years after the Battle of Culloden
History says 16 of Bonnie Prince Charlie’s officers, found hiding in the dungeon at Culloden House, where the prince stayed the night before the battle, were shot by Redcoats and buried by the “Bargas Tree” in the grounds. The tree – an English Elm, complete with leg and neck irons – is long gone, as is a commemorative 5ft stone with the inscription “Here lie soldiers killed by the English after the Battle of Culloden”.
Only a small grassy knoll remains where the tree once stood.But now a geophysical survey has shown three pits under the mound. Robert Cairns, chairman of the Lochaber Archaeological Society, which commissioned the research, said: “We are very excited about the results.
‘Secret’ discovery found on Culloden amid housing development plans
FRESH hope for the objectors to a housing development at Culloden battlefield has come in the form of a ‘secret’ discovery made on the site shortly before the 272nd anniversary of the battle later this month.
Cuil Lodair...Culloden
Culloden was the last hand-to-hand battle fought on British soil. Part of a wider European religious and political conflict, the short but bloody fight changed the course of history. Today the causes and consequences of the Forty-Five are still hotly debated.
Since the mid-nineteenth century the battlefield has been a place of pilgrimage for people from Scotland and throughout the world. Some visitors are descendants of those who fought. Others are gripped by the extraordinary story. With ongoing archaeological research and fresh historical interpretations, the story of Culloden is far from over.
Long before Culloden, Scottish Gaels were living through major social and economic changes. But this process was speeded up by traumatic defeat, repression and the legal and political measures which followed the battle. The Rising focused government attention on the region and its people. The Highlanders were to be controlled and integrated with the rest of the kingdom.
The Incredible Rout of Moy . . .
In the early months of 1746 Prince Charles Edward Stuart was making his way north on his long retreat from Derby. The Jacobite army had split into two parties who were to regroup in the neighbourhood of Inverness. Lord George Murray led one faction along the coast road whilst Prince Charles heading straight through the mountains up the centre of the country.
A Day at Culloden . . . An American discovers his Scottish heritage and shares his feelings and insights on walking Culloden Battlefield and its environs. He writes..."Over the decades the battlefield has evolved from what it was at the time of the battle. Heather and scrub brush has overtaken some of the native moor once used as a common grazing land for tenants of the Culloden estate. Trees have been felled revealing even more of the battleground. Archaeologic discoveries have redefined the conservation zone boundaries too.
Today battle lines are again being drawn at Culloden, not between Jacobites and Hanoverians, but between developers and historical conservationists. Developer Kirkwood Homes has plans to build 16 luxury homes on farmland where detractors say fallen Jacobite remains may still be buried and in such proximity that the visitor's visual experience would be negatively impacted. The issue first arose in 2014 and is now believed to be in the amended planning stage."
Two Men in a Trench...
Excellent BBC Archaeology History Documentary- Armed with a trowel a flask of tea and their razor sharp powers of deduction The A {Archaeology}Team Neil Oliver and Dr. Tony Pollard assisted by the ever present G.U.A.R.D team tune their talents to unravel the lost fragments of the Battle of Culloden 1746 the final confrontation of the 1745 Jacobite Rising.
The National Archives...New Jacobite education collections online
The National Archives have produced two new online themed collections on the Jacobite Rebellion of 1715 and the Jacobite Rising of 1745. For the first time, teachers and students will have easy access to original documents of the period which have emerged due to an on-going cataloguing project of the State Papers of George I and George II.
Crann Tara on the Jacobite Cause
One of the best contemporary records of the Jacobite rising of 1745-46, this collection was compiled between 1746 and 1775 by Robert Forbes (1708-1775), episcopal Bishop of Ross and Caithness from 1762 and a strong Jacobite. His manuscript collection is now housed in the National Library of Scotland (shelfmark Adv.MS.32.6.16-25), and a page of it can be seen on our Scotland's Pages website. The digitised version here is of a printed edition compiled in three volumes for the Scottish History Society in 1895-96 by Henry Paton.
Also in this collection are the "Itinerary of Prince Charles Edward Stuart from 1745 to 1746".
Culloden Visitor's Centre, video . . . a look around the battlefield and some important words from Dr. Tony Pollard . . . "Culloden is an incredibly sensitive site. The site is very important to a lot of people...it's almost a place of pilgrimage. There's a particular aspect to that landscape that you could quite easily destroy by building something that was unsuitable for that environment.
A new voice for Scotland's Battlefields...
Welcome to the Scottish Battlefields Trust, a new independent advocate for Scotland's battlefield and associated heritage. The Scottish Battlefields Trust aims to raise the profile of Scotland's battlefields and other heritage sites associated with their campaigns, whilst providing a platform for mutual support and communication between battlefields, communities, groups and interested individuals. |
The Highland Clearances...a history to remember...The brutal legacy of the mid- late 18th and early 19th centuries are still etched in the minds of the people of the Highlands today. Man’s inhumanity was brought sharply into focus, when entire communities were swept away so that the land could be sold off to southern sheep farmers. Article from: Crann Tara Preserving the History, Heritage and Future of Scotland
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History of the Scottish clans...The Scottish clan system is one of the most defining features of Scottish culture, from its origins shrouded in myth and legend – to the thriving communities spread worldwide today.
Culloden Battlefield and Visitor's Centre has published the history of several significant clans and their Culloden legacy, starting with Clan Mackintosh...click on the clan name to read:
Clan Mackintosh!
Links to Clans and Societies across the world.
A short history of Scottish names....The history of Scotland is, of course, the history of the Scottish people, and what could be more important as an indicator of how Scots are perceived than by the very names we are known.
The Guardians of Scotland Trust. . .
The Guardians of Scotland Trust was set up in 2011 to educate the public about William Wallace and Andrew de Moray as consummate co-commanders at the Battle of Stirling Bridge 1297 and to establish a monumental artwork in their honour. The project aims to work with historians as an integrated part of site development, to mark the site of the original bridge where the battle was fought. A visit to the site from 2015 will offer to visitors renewed perspective at this famous heritage site by offering factual information, which is highlighted by public art, and complemented by guided tours.
The Society of William Wallace. . .
The Society is a non political organisation dedicated to upholding the memory of Scotland’s great patriotic hero, Sir William Wallace, and we maintain the principles that Wallace himself held so dear- principals for which Wallace was willing to give up his life.
Culloden Battlefield and Visitor's Centre has published the history of several significant clans and their Culloden legacy, starting with Clan Mackintosh...click on the clan name to read:
Clan Mackintosh!
Links to Clans and Societies across the world.
A short history of Scottish names....The history of Scotland is, of course, the history of the Scottish people, and what could be more important as an indicator of how Scots are perceived than by the very names we are known.
The Guardians of Scotland Trust. . .
The Guardians of Scotland Trust was set up in 2011 to educate the public about William Wallace and Andrew de Moray as consummate co-commanders at the Battle of Stirling Bridge 1297 and to establish a monumental artwork in their honour. The project aims to work with historians as an integrated part of site development, to mark the site of the original bridge where the battle was fought. A visit to the site from 2015 will offer to visitors renewed perspective at this famous heritage site by offering factual information, which is highlighted by public art, and complemented by guided tours.
The Society of William Wallace. . .
The Society is a non political organisation dedicated to upholding the memory of Scotland’s great patriotic hero, Sir William Wallace, and we maintain the principles that Wallace himself held so dear- principals for which Wallace was willing to give up his life.
The Jacobites....
After James VII of Scotland was deposed, there were a series up uprisings aimed to restore the Stuarts to the throne of England and Scotland. James' throne had been usurped by his daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange.
The war in Ireland was the initial conflict in James' attempts to regain the throne. That war inspired and encouraged risings in Scotland ('Bonnie Dundee'). It ended in October 1691, and the Irish army left for France to become the Irish Brigade, providing forces to later assist the 'Forty-Five' Jacobite Rising in Scotland.
In 1689 'Bonnie Dundee' raised the Jacobite Standard on Dundee Law (a hilltop), and received support from 200 Irish troops arriving at Kintyre, and from Highand and Lowland Scots with Catholic and Episcopalian links (the Church of Scotland was aligned to the English powers). To continue reading click on the the picture of the clansman, above.
From: the Sons of Scotland, Paisley Tartan Army http://www.thesonsofscotland.co.uk/index.htm
Jacobite Risings. . . The three main Jacobite risings were the 1689 rising led by ‘Bonnie Dundee’ - John Graham of Claverhouse, and quickly quelled; Mar’s Rebellion, or the ‘Fifteen’ (1715-16), provoked by the death in 1714 of the last Stuart monarch, Queen Anne, and the accession of King George I; and the ‘Forty-Five’ (1745-46), when Charles Edward Stuart - ‘Bonnie Prince Charlie’ - led a Scots army against the Hanoverian dynasty.
After James VII of Scotland was deposed, there were a series up uprisings aimed to restore the Stuarts to the throne of England and Scotland. James' throne had been usurped by his daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange.
The war in Ireland was the initial conflict in James' attempts to regain the throne. That war inspired and encouraged risings in Scotland ('Bonnie Dundee'). It ended in October 1691, and the Irish army left for France to become the Irish Brigade, providing forces to later assist the 'Forty-Five' Jacobite Rising in Scotland.
In 1689 'Bonnie Dundee' raised the Jacobite Standard on Dundee Law (a hilltop), and received support from 200 Irish troops arriving at Kintyre, and from Highand and Lowland Scots with Catholic and Episcopalian links (the Church of Scotland was aligned to the English powers). To continue reading click on the the picture of the clansman, above.
From: the Sons of Scotland, Paisley Tartan Army http://www.thesonsofscotland.co.uk/index.htm
Jacobite Risings. . . The three main Jacobite risings were the 1689 rising led by ‘Bonnie Dundee’ - John Graham of Claverhouse, and quickly quelled; Mar’s Rebellion, or the ‘Fifteen’ (1715-16), provoked by the death in 1714 of the last Stuart monarch, Queen Anne, and the accession of King George I; and the ‘Forty-Five’ (1745-46), when Charles Edward Stuart - ‘Bonnie Prince Charlie’ - led a Scots army against the Hanoverian dynasty.
The Irish Brigade's Stand at Culloden
The Rise—and Fall—of the Bid To Enthrone 'Bonnie Prince Charlie'
The End of the Dream
"The stand of The Irish Brigade at Culloden is the stuff of legend"
Shared with permission from The Wild Geese, The History of the Irish World-Wide
The Rise—and Fall—of the Bid To Enthrone 'Bonnie Prince Charlie'
The End of the Dream
"The stand of The Irish Brigade at Culloden is the stuff of legend"
Shared with permission from The Wild Geese, The History of the Irish World-Wide
Battle of Culloden remembered. . . in Nova Scotia
Three men who fought on the side of the Jacobites in 1746 and emigrated to the area in the 1780s are remembered each year.
Federation of Scottish Culture
We celebrate and perpetuate the cultural, linguistic, literary, athletic and artistic heritage and traditions of Nova Scotia Scottish communities.
The Scottish Diaspora
Here is the Society of William Wallace's late Convenor and author,
David R Ross, explaining in his own inimitable way just why no matter how many generations pass, the blood of our ancestors is a shared bond that can never be broken.
YouTube link
The Raising of a Cairn . . .
One man’s story as passed on by his father
Three men who fought on the side of the Jacobites in 1746 and emigrated to the area in the 1780s are remembered each year.
Federation of Scottish Culture
We celebrate and perpetuate the cultural, linguistic, literary, athletic and artistic heritage and traditions of Nova Scotia Scottish communities.
The Scottish Diaspora
Here is the Society of William Wallace's late Convenor and author,
David R Ross, explaining in his own inimitable way just why no matter how many generations pass, the blood of our ancestors is a shared bond that can never be broken.
YouTube link
The Raising of a Cairn . . .
One man’s story as passed on by his father
Culloden
By Andrew Lang
Dark, dark was the day when we looked on Culloden
And chill was the mist drop that clung to the tree,
The oats of the harvest hung heavy and sodden,
No light on the land and no wind on the sea.
There was wind, there was rain, there was fire on their faces,
When the clans broke the bayonets and died on the guns,
And 'tis Honour that watches the desolate places
Where they sleep through the change of the snows and the suns.
Unfed and unmarshalled, outworn and outnumbered,
All hopeless and fearless, as fiercely they fought,
As when Falkirk with heaps of the fallen was cumbered,
As when Gledsmuir was red with the havoc they wrought.
Ah, woe worth you, Sleat, and the faith that you vowed,
Ah, woe worth you, Lovat, Traquair, and Mackay;
And woe on the false fairy flag of Macleod,
And the fat squires who drank, but who dared not to die!
Where the graves of Clan Chattan are clustered together,
Where Macgillavray died by the Well of the Dead,
We stooped to the moorland and plucked the pale heather
That blooms where the hope of the Stuart was sped.
And a whisper awoke on the wilderness, sighing,
Like the voice of the heroes who battled in vain,
"Not for Tearlach alone the red claymore was plying,
But to bring back the old life that comes not again."
At Culloden Moor in 1746, the Jacobites supporting Bonnie Prince Charlie were decisively defeated. The battle resulted in a slaughter of the Highland clansmen and ended the Stuart claims to the throne for good.
The Battle of Culloden was the last major battle fought on British soil.
By Andrew Lang
Dark, dark was the day when we looked on Culloden
And chill was the mist drop that clung to the tree,
The oats of the harvest hung heavy and sodden,
No light on the land and no wind on the sea.
There was wind, there was rain, there was fire on their faces,
When the clans broke the bayonets and died on the guns,
And 'tis Honour that watches the desolate places
Where they sleep through the change of the snows and the suns.
Unfed and unmarshalled, outworn and outnumbered,
All hopeless and fearless, as fiercely they fought,
As when Falkirk with heaps of the fallen was cumbered,
As when Gledsmuir was red with the havoc they wrought.
Ah, woe worth you, Sleat, and the faith that you vowed,
Ah, woe worth you, Lovat, Traquair, and Mackay;
And woe on the false fairy flag of Macleod,
And the fat squires who drank, but who dared not to die!
Where the graves of Clan Chattan are clustered together,
Where Macgillavray died by the Well of the Dead,
We stooped to the moorland and plucked the pale heather
That blooms where the hope of the Stuart was sped.
And a whisper awoke on the wilderness, sighing,
Like the voice of the heroes who battled in vain,
"Not for Tearlach alone the red claymore was plying,
But to bring back the old life that comes not again."
At Culloden Moor in 1746, the Jacobites supporting Bonnie Prince Charlie were decisively defeated. The battle resulted in a slaughter of the Highland clansmen and ended the Stuart claims to the throne for good.
The Battle of Culloden was the last major battle fought on British soil.